Design and Experimental Research of Synchronous Acquisition System of EMG and Blood Oxygen Signal / 中国医疗器械杂志

In this study, a surface electromyography (sEMG) and blood oxygen signal real-time monitoring system is designed to explore the changes of physiological signals during muscle fatigue, so as to detect muscle fatigue. The analysis method of sEMG and the principle of blood oxygen detection are respectively introduced, and the system scheme is expounded. The hardware part of the system takes STM32 as the core. Conditioning module composition; blood oxygen signal acquisition is based on near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), specifically including light source, light source driving, photoelectric conversion, signal conditioning and other modules. The system software part is based on the real-time uC/OS-III software system. The characteristic parameters of sEMG were extracted by isometric contraction local muscle fatigue experiment; the relative changes of oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) were calculated in the forearm blocking experiment, thereby verifying that the system collects two signals effectiveness.

Increased Risk of Recurrence of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Associated With Psychological Distress: A Prospective Cohort Study

Objective@#The primary aim was to evaluate the influence of depressive and anxiety symptoms on the 1-year recurrence rate of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients. The secondary aim was to examine the risk factors leading to psychological distress. @*Methods@#A total of 104 NMIBC patients were enrolled for interviews, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire survey was administered 1 month after their operation. Their cystoscopy results were followed up. The risk factors affecting their 1-year recurrence rate were evaluated through univariate analysis, Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis. The risk factors causing depressive and anxiety symptoms were evaluated through univariate analysis and logistic regression. @*Results@#In addition to American Urological Association risk stratification, depressive symptoms were another independent risk factor for recurrence in NMIBC patients (HR: 2.493, 95% CI: 1.048–5.930, p=0.039), and the increase in the recurrence rate was highly significant in intermediate-risk patients (HR: 8.496, 95% CI: 2.178–33.138, p=0.019). Anxiety symptoms were not an independent risk factor for recurrence (HR: 1.655, 95% CI: 0.714–3.837, p=0.240). We also observed that the burden of medical expenses of NMIBC on the family was an independent risk factor for depressive symptoms (p=0.029) and anxiety symptoms (p=0.048); chronic pain was an independent risk factor for anxiety symptoms (OR: 3.447, 95% CI: 1.182–10.052, p=0.023). @*Conclusion@#Depression symptoms are an independent risk factor for recurrence in NMIBC patients. Moreover, the burden of medical expenses on the family is an independent risk factor for depressive and anxiety symptoms in NMIBC patients. Additionally, chronic pain is a risk factor for anxiety symptoms in NMIBC patients. This study provided a theoretical foundation for clinical oncologists to pay more attention to the mental health of NMIBC patients.

Increased Risk of Recurrence of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Associated With Psychological Distress: A Prospective Cohort Study

Objective@#The primary aim was to evaluate the influence of depressive and anxiety symptoms on the 1-year recurrence rate of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients. The secondary aim was to examine the risk factors leading to psychological distress. @*Methods@#A total of 104 NMIBC patients were enrolled for interviews, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire survey was administered 1 month after their operation. Their cystoscopy results were followed up. The risk factors affecting their 1-year recurrence rate were evaluated through univariate analysis, Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis. The risk factors causing depressive and anxiety symptoms were evaluated through univariate analysis and logistic regression. @*Results@#In addition to American Urological Association risk stratification, depressive symptoms were another independent risk factor for recurrence in NMIBC patients (HR: 2.493, 95% CI: 1.048–5.930, p=0.039), and the increase in the recurrence rate was highly significant in intermediate-risk patients (HR: 8.496, 95% CI: 2.178–33.138, p=0.019). Anxiety symptoms were not an independent risk factor for recurrence (HR: 1.655, 95% CI: 0.714–3.837, p=0.240). We also observed that the burden of medical expenses of NMIBC on the family was an independent risk factor for depressive symptoms (p=0.029) and anxiety symptoms (p=0.048); chronic pain was an independent risk factor for anxiety symptoms (OR: 3.447, 95% CI: 1.182–10.052, p=0.023). @*Conclusion@#Depression symptoms are an independent risk factor for recurrence in NMIBC patients. Moreover, the burden of medical expenses on the family is an independent risk factor for depressive and anxiety symptoms in NMIBC patients. Additionally, chronic pain is a risk factor for anxiety symptoms in NMIBC patients. This study provided a theoretical foundation for clinical oncologists to pay more attention to the mental health of NMIBC patients.

Development of Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Detection and Analysis System for Cervical Cancer / 中国医疗器械杂志

Cervical cancer is a common female malignant tumor. It has been increasing and rejuvenating in recent years. Early screening of cervical cancer is an effective control method to block cancer. In this study, a diffuse reflectance spectrum detection and analysis system based on LabWindows development software and MariaDB database was developed, which can acquire and save the spectral data to the database. The method of a neural network model based on spectral database was built to distinguish the cervical tissue and the normal tissue. The nude mouse tumor model test and human volunteer test were performed respectively, which verified that the system can distinguish between normal tissue and tumor tissue, and can be applied to the screening of cervical precancerous lesions.

Design and Research of Thermal Ablation System Based on Dual-frequency Microwave Solid State Source / 中国医疗器械杂志

Microwave thermal ablation technology is widely used in the treatment of liver tumors because of its minimal invasiveness and small side effects. The precise control of the thermal dose largely determines the therapeutic effect of microwave thermal ablation. However, the current magnetron-based microwave thermal ablation device has the disadvantages of poor power output stability and high operating voltage. In view of the above problems, this paper selected the microwave solid-state source as the core device of microwave output, and designed a dual-frequency microwave thermal ablation system based on 2 450 MHz and 433 MHz. The system used the power detection circuit to perform PID feedback control on the actual output power of the system. The experimental results show that the maximum output power of the system is less than 1 W. The PID algorithm further enhances the accuracy and stability of the system output power while improving the system security. The dual-frequency microwave thermal ablation system designed in this paper can provide a safe and reliable experimental platform for subsequent research.

Rapid Detection of Scoliosis Based on Digital Image Processing / 中国医疗器械杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To design a rapid scoliosis detection system for general survey.@*METHODS@#The camera was used to take the upright image of human back, and then the region of interest was extracted. After image preprocessing, the feature points of human back spine were extracted. The feature points were fitted into the spine contour curve. Finally, the Cobb angle of scoliosis was calculated according to the contour curve, and the scoliosis degree was judged.@*RESULTS@#The outline curve of the spine can be obtained by this method, and the Cobb angle of scoliosis can be calculated. It can detect scoliosis quickly, effectively and accurately.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with the traditional methods, the digital image processing method can achieve rapid and non-destructive detection of scoliosis, save a lot of manpower and material resources, and is of great significance to the national survey of adolescent scoliosis.

Design of Paravertebral Muscle Monitoring System Based on Surface Electromyography / 中国医疗器械杂志

In order to diagnose and evaluate the human spinal lesions through the paravertebral muscles, a paravertebral muscle monitoring system based on surface EMG signals was designed. The system used surface mount electrodes to obtain the surface myoelectric signal (sEMG) of paravertebral muscle. The signal was filtered and amplified by the conditioning circuit. The signal was collected by the microcontroller NRF52832 and was sent to the mobile APP. After the signal was preprocessed by the wavelet threshold denoising algorithm in APP, the time and frequency characteristics of the sEMG signal reflecting the functional state of the muscle were extracted. The calculated characteristic parameters was displayed in real time in the application interface. The experimental results show that the system meets the design requirements in analog signal acquisition, digital processing of signals and calculation of characteristic parameters. The system has certain application value.

Exploration of teaching approach of medical instrument development course with national defense features / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The aim of the development course in university is to expand the multidisciplinary knowledge.The students,who choose development course,are coming from many subjects.Therefore,the design and teaching methods of this course should have their own characteristics.This study introduces the exploration of medical instrument course with defense features and talent training mode.The core ideas of curriculum reform include the following.The course contents should be professionally subdivided,so that all the students from different majors can obtain the knowledge.Teaching methods should be guided by the national defense requirements using lectures and discussions.Multiply assessment modes,such as speech,discussion,paper poster,and creative exhibition,can be used to evaluate the students.The present reforms have been implemented in the reality of course teaching practice.The reform contents in this paper have a great significance to the creation of development courses based on the integration of preponderant disciplines in the university.

Research on Optical Parameter along Puncture Path in Spinal Surgery Navigation Based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy / 生物医学工程学杂志

Accurate placement of pedicle screws is a key factor of spinal surgery. Investigation of a new real-time intra-operative monitoring method is an important area of clinical application research which makes a contribution to planting pedicle screw accurately. Porcine spines were chosen as experimental objects. The changes of reduced scattering coefficient (μ'(s)) along normal puncture path, medial perforation path and lateral perforation path were measured and studied. A conclusion is drawn that there are two distinct peaks throughout the puncture process, appearing at the junction of cancellous bone and cortical bone, at the beginning and at the end, respectively. The reduced scattering coefficient is proved to be a good monitoring factor which can identify whether the screw is about to reach the critical position of the spine puncture. Moreover, the variation provides an important reference for spinal surgical navigation process.

Effects of crocetin on VCAM-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion / 药学学报

Crocetin, a naturally occurring carotenoid, possesses antioxidant and antiatherosclerotic properties, of which the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the effects of crocetin (0.1, 1, 10 μmol·L(-1)) on angiotensin II (Ang II, 0.1 μmol·L(-1)) induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. The effects of crocetin on the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also observed. The results demonstrated that crocetin notably suppressed Ang II induced NF-κB activation (P<0.01) and VCAM-1 expression (P<0.05, P<0.01) in HUVECs, accompanied by a markedly reduced monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion (P<0.05, P<0.01). In addition, preincubation with crocetin resulted in a significant enhancement of cellular antioxidant capacity (P<0.05, P<0.01), while Ang II induced intracellular ROS decreased markedly (P<0.05, P<0.01). These results indicated that crocetin was capable of suppressing Ang II induced VCAM-1 expression and monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion by suppression of NF-κB activation, which might be derived from the enhancement of antioxidant capacity and subsequent reduction of intracellular ROS.

Study on real-time monitoring and assessment of near-infrared in the dehydration treatment of traumatic brain injury / 生物医学工程学杂志

We used near-infrared spectroscopy technology to monitor and assess the treatment effect of dehydrating agent in injured rat brain in real time style. We employed the brain edema model in rats resulting from Feeney' s freefall damage, then treated with different doses of mannitol, and collected reduced scattering coefficient (p',) and intracranial pressure (ICP) values after the injury and during the treatment. The results showed that brain edema happened 1 h after the injury in rats' brain tissue, peaked around 72 h after injury, and then began to decrease gradually. The reduced scattering coefficient and ICP values of the treatment group injected with mannitol all decreased after administration. Compared with the effect of low-dose mannitol treatment, that of high-dose mannitol treatment was much better. The duration of the plateau was longer and most experiments results declined significantly. From this we conclude that the reduced scattering coefficient and ICP are consistent with the trend changes, and the reduced scattering coefficient could be used as an indicator for monitoring cerebral edema.

3D-TV health assessment system by the multi-modal physiological signals / 中国医疗器械杂志

In order to meet the requirements of the multi-physiological signal measurement of the 3D-TV health assessment, try to find the suitable biological acquisition chips and design the hardware system which can detect different physiological signals in real time. The systems mainly uses ARM11/S3C6410 microcontroller to control the EEG/EOG acquisition chip RHA2116 and the ECG acquisition chip ADS1298, and then the microcontroller transfer the data collected by the chips to the PC software by the USB port which can display and save the experimental data in real time, then use the Matlab software for further processing of the data, finally make a final health assessment. In the meantime, for the different varieties in the different brain regions of watching 3D-TV, developed the special brain electrode placement and the experimental data processing methods, then effectively disposed the multi-signal data in the multilevel.

The comparison of the extraction of beta wave from EEG between FFT and wavelet transform / 生物医学工程学杂志

In order to choose a fast and efficient real-time method in beta wave information extraction, we compared the result and the efficiency of the information separation of both fast Fourier transform (FFT) and wavelet transform of EEG beta band in the present paper. Our work provides the basis for the EEG data come from the real-time health assessment of 3DTV. We took the EEGs of 5 healthy volunteers before, after and during the process of watching 3DTV and meanwhile recorded the results. The trends of the relative energy and the time cost of two methods were compared by using both the FFT and wavelet packet transform (WPT) which was to extract the feature of EEG beta wave. It demonstrated that (1) Results of the two methods were consistent in the trends of watching 3DTV; (2) Results of the differences in two methods were consistent before and after watching 3DTV; (3) FFT took less time than the wavelet transform in the same case. It is concluded that the results of both FFT and Wavelet transform are consistent in feature extraction of EEG, and a fast method to work with the large quantities of EEG data obtained in the experiments can be offered in the future.

The small world networks property and cognitive function in the frontal low-grade glioma patients:a preand-postoperative fMRI study / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the property of brain functional networks and cognitive function changes in patients with frontal lobe low-grade gliomas (LGG).Methods 8 cases of suspected frontal lobe LGG patients were undergone with resting-fMRI scanning to analyze the small-world property of the LGG,meanwhile the LGG groups had Montreal (MoCA) cognitive score exam compared with the control group.Results The value of MoCA was 22.5 ± 1.5,21.8 ± 2.0,and 27.9 ± 2.1 respectively with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05) in the LGG groups and the control groups.The LGG group cognitive score was significantly lower than that in the control group with statistical significance (P＜ 0.05).As to threshold,the two groups were consistent with the small world property.The LGG local efficiency was smaller than that of the controls,the postoperative small world properties (σ=2.49) were lower than that the pre-operative (σ =2.68),the largest brain function areas of preoperative information transmission were respectively the supramarginal gyrus,posterior cingulate,insula,and the postoperative being the precuneus,calcarine sulcus and superior frontal gyrus.The maximum cluster coefficient of the preoperative functional network were respectively the entorhinal cortex,transverse temporal gyrus and the calcarine sulcus,and postoperative were Wilson,transverse temporal gyri and occipital gyrus.Preoperative information transmission path was less than the postoperative,and the small world properties were positively correlated with MoCA.Conclusion LGG accompany by the changes of cognitive function,and with the small world network property preand post-operation.

Study of the degree in white matter structural networks in the glioma based on diffusion tensor tractography / 生物医学工程学杂志

At present, an effective detecting method for brain function impairment for the patients with the glioma is urgently needed in clinic, because it may help us understand its pathogenesis. This paper proposes a method of combining diffusion tensor tracing technology and 'small world' network. It utilizes the degree of brain function network to study complex network topological properties of the patients with the glioma in temporal lobe area. The experimental results showed that the brain networks of the patients with the glioma of different grades were destroyed compared with those of the normal persons, but the destruction degree is independent of the tumor grades. The distribution of functional connections is index truncated power-law accompanied by significant heterogeneity. Meanwhile, the stronger functional areas of information in the glioma have transferred and there exists lack of language function area and sensory function area.

Research on an in vivo near-infrared real-time monitoring system and its application in pharmacokinetics / 生物医学工程学杂志

The real-time in vivo measurement method has been urgently needed in the research of pharmacokinetics. In the present paper a new in vivo detection method based on fluorescence spectroscopy has been proposed and the monitoring system has been built which is used for pharmacokinetics studies in rats. The relationship between fluorescence intensity and concentration was obtained. By detecting the fluorescent dye Cypate in real-time in rats, the properties of the system have been validated by comparing with the fluorescence imaging system in vitro. The results showed that the system could be feasible for: (1) The linear regression equation of Cypate concentration in the range of 0.098-25 microg/ml is y = 73.249x + 130.97 (R2 = 0.9991 and P < 0.001). RSD of high, medium and low concentration is 1.23%, 6.29% and 13.48%, respectively, and the detecting sensitivity is 0.0981 g/ml; (2) The fluorescent dye concentration from the system is consistent (r = 0.9925) with the fluorescence imaging system in vitro. The fluorescent dye metabolism in rats can be well detected. It can be concluded that a new real-time in vivo detecting method in the paper can be used in pharmacokinetics research.

Assessment of hyperosmotic solution anhydration by the use of reduced scattering coefficients measured in rat's local cortex / 生物医学工程学杂志

A new method that uses the reduced scattering coefficients (micro'(s)) measured in rat's brain tissue in vivo after administration of hyperosmotic solution by bifurcated fiber optic probe is proposed in this paper. 60 SD rats were divided into three groups by randomization method, and then were treated by 0.9% NaCl, 20% Mannitol and 7.5% NaCl through vena caudalis, respectively. The changes of micro'(s) in every rat's local cortex were observed continuously by a bifurcated fiber optic probe in vivo in a mini-invasive way. No changes of micro'(s) were observed in the control group which was given by 0.9% NaCl, while the micro'(s), relative changes of the 20% mannitol group and 7.5% NaCl group increased by 7.3% +/- 1.7% and 12.8% +/- 2.9%, respectively. The results showed that there were significant differences among the three groups (P < 0.05). The micro'(s) of rat's local cortex observed by bifurcated fiber optic probe can be used for shedding light on the anhydration induced by hyperosmotic solution.

Study on navigation path correction in neuro-navigation based on near infrared spectroscopy / 生物医学工程学杂志

At present, navigation path deviation caused by brain shift is the main factor that affects the accuracy of neurosurgical navigation. A new method of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) based neurosurgical navigation is presented in the paper. The correlation between NIRS optical parameters and medical image is used and the gray information of navigation path is regarded as the priori knowledge, sample-points curvatures are calculated by Hermite interpolation and the Mean Hausdorff distance as measurement criterion is used to match feature segments, then the real-time correction model is established. The algorithm of the given model is simple and can realize the best match within the error, it provides an effective method for real-time navigation path correction.

The box-dimension-based localization of neuronal structures in pallidotomy for treatment of Parkinson's disease / 生物医学工程学杂志

Currently, the intraoperative location of microelectrode position in the globus pallidus is subjective and qualitative; it only depends on the experience of doctors during pallidotomy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The fractal characteristic of neuronal discharge signals is analyzed for target localization; the factor of box dimension is extracted from the microelectrode recordings for identifying the neuronal structures at the depth of microelectrode. New objective and quantitative targeting technique is presented by processing clinical microelelctrode recordings of Parkinson's disease. Through the validation of clinical data and the critical appraisal by experts, the targeting technique can be used for improving the accuracy of localization in neurosurgery.

Crocetin reduces TNBS-lnduced experimental colitis in mice by downregulation of NFkB

Ulcerative colitis [UC] is characterized by oxidative and nitrosative stress, leukocyte infiltration and upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of crocetin and its protective mechanism on 2, 4, 6- trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid [TNBS]-induced colitis in mice model. Intestinal lesions [judged by macroscopic and histological score] were associated with neutrophil infiltration [measured as increase in myeloperoxidase [MPO] activity in the mucosa], and high levels of malondialdehyde MDA [an indicator of lipid peroxidation]. Dose-response studies revealed that treatment of mice with crocetin [50 mg/kg/day] i.g. for 8 days] significantly ameliorated diarrhea and the disruption of colonic architecture. Higher and lower doses [100 and 25 mg/kg/day] did not exhibit comparable effects. In crocetin-treated mice, a significant reduction was noted in the degree of both neutrophil infiltration [measured as decrease in myeloperoxidase activity] and lipid peroxidation [measured as decrease in malondialdehyde activity] in the inflamed colon. Crocetin also reduced the levels of nitric oxide [NO] associated with the favorable expression of TH1 and TH2 cytokines and inducible NO synthase along with the down regulation of nuclear factor-kB [NFkB]. These findings suggest that crocetin exerts beneficial effects in experimental colitis, and therefore we propose that this carotenoid may have therapeutic implications for human UC and can be administered along with the conventional therapy of UC